3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. agriculture (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS Grey dambo soils contain more nutrients but are waterlogged in the rainy season and often very acidic, restricting the plants which can grow there to sedges and wiry grasses tolerant of marshy conditions. Safaris, Rwanda None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. The average temperatures are between 66F and 87F. 2, though only 34 . Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambias worst rainfall scenario. history Temperatures are higher at lower elevations, such as the Luapula-Mweru and Mweru-Wantipa/Tanganyika valleys in the north, and highest in the lower Luangwa and Zambezi valleys in the south, typically experiencing 40C in October. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. The elevation of the great plateau on which Zambia is located, typically between 1,000 and 1,300 metres (3,281 and 4,265ft), modifies temperatures, which are lower than for coastal areas at the same latitude, and pleasant for much of the year. . Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. You can expect rain for roughly half of the month of November in Zambia. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. The Zambia Agribusiness and Trade Project (ZATP), which has a current total of $40 million in funds (2016-2024), is a flagship project that aims to deliver on the government's Jobs and Economic Transformation agenda. Safaris, DR Congo The annual WFP Zambia Country Brief, January 2021 Format Situation Report Source. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. LUSAKA, Zambia The roofs on more than 446 schools in Zambia were torn off by heavy rains and winds in the past week as the rainy season commenced, an official told Parliament. Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? kcse The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind the total land area estimated at 64 million hectares most of which is administered traditional under customary law.The total area of indigenous forest in Zambia is 44.6 million hectares and covers 60 percent of the total land area, out of which 9.6 percent are gazetted forests. anywhere. The result has This saturated cloud with water vapor begins to The views are spectacular from both the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of the falls, and it is now a great time to book a helicopter flight over the falls. Plants, animals and people have evolved to this cycle which in Zambia has been fairly reliable, and it brings a number of ecological advantages which promote biodiversity. Safaris, Tanzania Sure, this shaded relief map is nice. On older flat maps, you may see areas In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY Livingstone Projections for Zambia vary across models depending on assumptions; however, the majority of climate models suggest: Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive; waterspouts can be seen over lakes. Moisture-laden wind blows in from the sea. Water droplets accumulate and rain falls due to gravity. The maximum heat is experienced during November, while the maximum rainfall is received during December. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . 15,306 views. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our What are the physical characteristics of cold environments? Philip is the Zambia expert for SafariBookings and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. Safaris, Uganda Peshawar is located at higher altitude than Quetta so moist winds easily reach their. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. While these costly relief efforts have been perceived as a necessity, such short-term interventions have generally precluded support for longer-term development processes, particularly in those areas with dry climate conditions. pp (EUR), Zambia: In Mambwe District, Eastern Province, nearly 300 families were displaced by floods in the first week of January, according to DMMU media reports, with Malambo constituency especially affected. The food security situation is rain Weather Zambia, Satellite Weather Zambia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in Zambia - Source: SAT24.com During the cold months (June and July), the area west of the Line of Rail is coolest, with mean minimum temperatures mostly below the mid-40s F (about 7 C). This warm, moist air then rises, and as it rises, it cools. The annual cycle of rainfall over Zambia (Fig.2) indicates that the rainfall season lies between November and March (NDJFM) over . Zambia. csee review questions pdf When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Hydropower, based on dammed surface water reservoirs, is a key part of Zambias energy mix, but poor rainfall (e.g. J. this is a type of rainfall that occurs when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an area of high land. Zambia. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. Seasons. Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? Month. The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. Grasses and some other herbaceous plants dry up above ground but regenerate quickly with the onset of rains from roots and tubers, etc. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. kcse resources Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Through Strategic National Program Support, the PPCR is helping to make climate change an intrinsic part of economic development, while adopting a participatory, learning-by-doing response to Zambia's most vulnerable areas. The distribution of the biomes and ecoregions is governed mainly by the physical environment, especially climate. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. agricultural business Relief Rainfall. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . Populations living within the 5 km buffer from the main river systems and wetlands lose their dwellings either due to high levels of river water or structures collapsing due to excess rainfall. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. Q Explain why Sialkot has over 250 mm of rain in July and August? chemistry SUSTAINABLE TOURISM More About Us. Sustainable Management of the Tropical Rainforest, Sustainable Management of the Amazon Rainforest. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. Kalantary, C. (2010). The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200mm - all figures are annual amounts), especially the north-west (1400mm), decreasing towards the south (around 700mm); the driest areas are in the Luangwa and middle Zambezi valleys (500mm). [citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. A delegation led by the DMMU, with the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Local Government and Ministry of Infrastructure is planning to assess the extent of damage in the affected areas. It lies on plateau above 2000 m elevation, with grassland and shrubland dominating. Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . Afternoon temperatures are around 26C/78F and the humidity is high. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. Evaporation and rainfall. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. kcse revision notes This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate, but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. Average annual rainfall over Zambia has decreased by an average rate of 1.9mm per month per decade since 1960 primarily due to decreases from December to February. The process starts when the sun heats the ground. Tours, Zambia The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. Heavy rainfall in recent days has led to riverine and flash floods in Zambia, mainly in the Southern Province, with Gwembe and Siavonga Districts hardest-hit. In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. On the leeward side of the mountain it is dry. In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. Usually the days in November are hot while the nights are a bit cooler. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases height. The rest of the year is hot and dry. Evaporation and rainfall has been calculated for each month using data for the past 25 years (1990 to 2014) from Scientific Information for Land Owners SILO weather data service. Erosion and the washing out of roads and bridges are common. In addition, dambos (grasslands which become marshy in the rainy season) are prevalent in most of the country and water is usually available in them from springs or shallow wells. Dambos are fewer. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. Dry season May to October Winter. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. It moves southwards in the second half of the year, and northwards in the first half of the year. In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Rocky Mountai. Much of the ecoregion in Southern Province (sometimes referred to as the Southern Plateau) and the south-east of Eastern Province (sometimes referred to as the Eastern Plateau) has been cleared for farming and ranching. history of africa The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. The climate of the capital, Lusaka, is the same as that of the higher areas of central and southern Zambia, including Kafue National Park. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. history of South Africa This symmetry is, however, imperfect because of Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. Zambia, landlocked country in south-central Africa. [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. By. However, these regular droughts have become more extreme and more unpredictable due to climate change.In fact studies based on dendrochronology, or tree rings dating, confirm that drought affected by global warming goes back to 1900.. Rainfall. 70.5. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). We're expecting roughly 8 to 15 days of rain, so your rubber boots and . This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . Rainfall in Lusaka amounts to 850 mm (33.5 in) per year, with a maximum from December to February, when about 200 mm (8 in) of rain fall per month, while from May to October, it almost never rains. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. The weather in Zambia in November is hot. 49. The main patches are in: Most of Zambia (around 80%) is in this extensive biome. What are shanty town improvement schemes? The . A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. In the north, rain only falls from June to September in the range of 500 mm to 750 mm. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) temperature ranges, depending on location are: Most of the country is frost-free but in some years ground frost occurs. What are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria? Relief (or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains and/or complex terrains. If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoregions_of_Zambia&oldid=1108887041, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. red sandveld soils cover most of the country, and are generally not very fertile due to weathering and leaching; the top soil is sandy and is more fertile where the top soil has a higher clay content. kcse past papers The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the What is the impact of humans on the savanna? Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Specific Objectives: (i) To investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of seasonal (NDJFM) . Frontal rainfall. The broad types of soil found in Zambia are: In areas where soils are waterlogged for all or part of the year, or are very infertile, sandy or acidic, they take over from climate as the predominant factor in determining the distribution of plants and animals. The downwind or leeward slope receives a small amount of rainfall in comparison. Tours, Kenya The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. and/or complex terrains. Around 10% of the country is in this biome and its sole ecoregion. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Convectional rainfall occurs when the land warms up and heats For plants this includes the deciduous habit (losing leaves to conserve water), very deep root systems, water-storing roots and tubers, waxy leaf cuticles, and drought-resistant seeds. There is no significantly discernable trend in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in recent years (McSweeney et al, 2010). CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION IN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY REGION, Reasons why countries trade with one another, FACTORS INFLUENCING RAINFALL TYPE AND AMOUNT, IMPACT OF LIGHTING AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION SENIOR SIX GEOGRAPHY NOTES, Abundant supply of moisture through evaporation to air so that relative, Intense heating of the ground surface through incoming shortwave electromagnetic, There should be a mountain barrier across the wind direction, so that the moist air is forced on obstruction to move upward, There should be sufficient moisture in the air. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. Precipitation is measured using a rain gauge, and more recently remote sensing techniques such as a weather radar. It is well adapted to hot dry areas on sandy soils, and forms extensive forests which have been over-exploited by commercial timber production over the past 75 years, in: These are the most extensive non-floodplain grasslands in Zambia, covering about 5% of the country in the west, and support large herds of wildebeest which migrate between western Zambia and Angola. Zambia's average annual temperature has increased by 1.3C since 1960, an average rate of 0.29C per decade. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. What are the different types of weathering? The north-south highland barrier is interrupted by a major gap, the Turkana gap, between the Ethiopian and the Kenya Highlands (Figure 1). [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. Extreme weather in the UK Beast from the East, Extreme Weather in the UK Summer Heatwave 2018. [citation needed]. Tours, Ethiopia It makes cumulonimbus clouds. SafariBookings is the largest online marketplace for African safari tours. Zambia Meteorological Department GENERAL SITUATION Generally, much of Zambia is likely to receive Normal to Above Normal rainfall during the 2019/2020 rainfall season. The main sites are: This biome covers an area of only about 100km on the northern border with Malawi, being an extension of a much larger area in Malawi and Tanzania, and so is frequently not counted as present in Zambia. The rainfall here is around 1131 mm | 44.5 inch per year. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. What are the effects of economic development in Nigeria on quality of life? Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. Zambia borders Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia in the slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. Traditionally, people have also migrated in the drier areas where rivers dambos are not prevalent. Tours, South Africa There are reports that more than 2 million people may be affected by the damage to agriculture. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT Much of population is concentrated in the country's most developed areaknown as the Line of Railwhich is served by the railway linking the Copperbelt with . Philip is our Zambia expert and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). Zambia has a sub-tropical climate that is tempered by its relatively high altitude, making it more temperate and pleasant than other sub-tropical areas. Sue is an award-winning writer who specializes in African travel and conservation. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. necta chemistry past papers Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. Plants susceptible to frost do not grow in the southern half of the country. Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. Zambia. The SE Trades are forced to rise by the mountain, cool and condense and rain occurs on the South Eastern slopes or the windward slopes of the mountain. Relief rain. english language Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. Latitude is only one factor which determines the climate or even simply the rainfall pattern, temperature pattern etc. - Temperature: the mean temperature is predicted to increase in Zambia with a greater frequency of 'Hot' days1 and nights and very few 'Cold'2 days or nights - Rainfall: changes in rainfall are less certain, but rainfall is expected to increase in the rainy season and the winter is expect to be even drier. All Rights Reserved. Large parts of Zambia are thinly populated. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years.
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